Heypih Free Essays

string(127) points in this unit, what do you consider to be H’s uncommon and matchless key capacity/sis? Clarify your answer. Sharpens and Mauritius, or additionally referred to for short as HM, is a major billion dollar Swedish style organization which participates in structuring and retailing design items from beautifying agents, outwear and extras for men, ladies and kids. Working everywhere throughout the globe, all through 43 nations with 2206 stores, there are different key issues which HM need to deliver to stay with the pushing ahead and increment the market. HM has an enormous universal officeholders including Ezra being its most noteworthy rival. We will compose a custom article test on Heypih or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Ezra has not been around for close to as long as HM and it is as of now being viewed as a ‘serious challenge’ which makes HM addresses the maintainability of the current equation. Utilizing key administration subjects we can additionally talk about this issue. To start the PASTEL Framework can be utilized comparable to key administration and HM. By utilizing PASTEL we can classifications natural components into explicit key sorts, which are political, financial, social, mechanical, biological and legitimate. These will assist us with explaining that natural components don't Just spin around financial powers however different powers which have been referenced and all are intelligent with each other. Governmental issues are powers both all through the globe and in explicit gatherings inside regions which impact certain conduct and responses. These impacts can emerge out of different political developments and concerned media. For instance HM in the past opened up a store in Israel’s Jerusalem Malta Shopping Mall which is worked in a past Palestinian town of al-Malta. Since this town has been ethnically purified and made those occupants be alluded to as exiles in their own property. This occurred all through the 1948 Naked and caused overall dissent by actuates at H stores. Every one of those fights going on around the globe gave a ton of negative notoriety and unneeded regard for H. Despite the fact that the Israeli Embassy in Stockholm accepted that opening the store in Israel would help tit ‘peace procedures and profits’ to H †it despite everything didn't influence the sentiments of those fighting nor did it change the manner in which H dealt with the current circumstance. Rather H deliberately ignored a huge human rights infringement and dismissed totally what was going on and this made activists start the overall methodology of activity Boycott. Something comparable happened in the past with an alternate apparel brand named Mummy, yet they didn't finish their stores in Israel and till today won't open a store until the politically-sanctioned racial segregation framework is gotten off. Furthermore, regarding Section C, Article 3 of the Responsibilities of exchange organizations and different business endeavors (2003) H is really breaking the guidelines. It expresses that â€Å"Business endeavors will not take part in nor advantage from atrocities, wrongdoings against humanity†¦ Other infringement of helpful law and other worldwide violations against the human individual as characterized by global law, specifically human rights and compassionate law’ Ecological components in PASTEL system is whatever falls under natural issues which is certainly something applicable to HM. HM delivers an uncommon assortment named the ‘conscious collection† utilizing just reasonable materials. As referenced on their site they are attempting to push for style for what's to come. With these responsibilities come seven guarantees likewise expressed on their site. Give design to cognizant clients Choose and prize mindful accomplices Be moral Be atmosphere savvy Reduce, reuse, reuse Use common assets dependably Strengthen people group Under the PASTEL system, innovative is any impacts that H utilizes for their material. Because of these, H was positioned number 21 out of 100 for the most mark worldwide brands as per entomb brand in 2011, with a brand estimation of 16. Billion dollars. In examination with close contender Ezra positioned in at number 44 with 8 billion dollars’ worth of brand esteem. This immense distinction can incompletely be ascribed to HM’s long haul publicizing efforts with prominent big names. So as to upgrade the estimation of its image name, H spends around 5% of its income on publicizing. H has additionally settled a solid internet based lif e nearness. The organization expects to turn out to be a piece of its customer’s every day lives through its pages on Backbone, Twitter, Instating, Google+ and Youth just as the Chinese online life systems Yuk and Sins Webb. Through these systems supporters share thoughts and conclusions and find snappy solutions to their inquiries. This is significant during the current day and ages were individuals would prefer not to hang tight for a really long time. Additionally new style recordings and catwalks are continually transferred to Youth with a large number of perspectives. The App for utilizes is likewise new which offers the most recent assortment and battles and discover what's happening. Corresponding to vital administration it’s imperative to take note of the Five Forces Framework hen deciding the serious powers. On the off chance that an industry has low seriousness, at that point there will be a normal elevated level of benefit then in contrast with an industry with high intensity. H has significant level of intensity with Ezra along these lines their net revenue is close for an enormous scope. By utilizing Porters Five Forces Framework we can gauge 1) danger of passage 2) danger of substitutes 3) intensity of purchasers 4) intensity of providers 5) degree of contention between contenders. Concerning contenders and contention, the serious opponent for H is Ezra and a substitute would be some place like Target/Smart. Ezra would be an exceptionally prevailing association to H with its items being fundamentally the same as. A low separation between organizations is likewise an issue as both are thought to be comparable when spoken about with purchasers. The danger of section works in H’s advantage as they have various items which Ezra doesn't offer †for instance the cognizant assortment. The danger of replacement is a major one for this industry as Ezra and HM are firmly weaved. Right off the bat being value/execution apportions. Sara’s items are marginally more significant expenses than H however by and large the costs/execution proportion is tight. SQ. Drawing on pertinent subjects in this unit, what do you consider to be H’s uncommon and supreme vital ability/sister? Clarify your answer. You read Heypih in class Papers How would you figure HM can recognize and use or endeavor its uncommon and supreme key capacity/sister to accomplish or continue its upper hand and react to the basic issue that you have distinguished in IQ? Upon research and further adding something extra to the theme I would consider the reality HM has its own range the cognizant collection’ contacting a group of people of the individuals who are have the need to assist the earth with being its uncommon and matchless vital capacities. H M, is an earth cognizant organization, which gives practical design items around the world (43 nations) so as to satisfy the seven duties to the networks. The monetary emergency was extremely solid and it might build the enthusiasm of the populace for inexpensively in vogue garments. Not just has H discovered a hole in the design showcase, however they have discovered a best in class issue and had the option to arrive at it with a positive result. With all the issues around the world, H realized it expected to put its cash into the correct things to keep deals up and to likewise get new deals. With H having a major job in the design business, they didn’t need to go under any increasingly negative examination as this would bring a negative impression of the organization. This is the place the thought ran over with the arrangement for utilizing just feasible materials for the arrival of the new range, the ‘conscious collection’. Alongside this came certain responsibilities which included, receiving moral works on, improving working conditions and utilizing characteristic assets capably. The choice to present the range and duties was organized completely through its key capacities as these do be able to add to a drawn out edge and furthermore an upper hand. HM followed ‘Tech’ with the three conventional kinds of dynamic capacities as this has become the norm and most basic practice in enterprises. The primary point is ‘sensing where H has understood that there are new chances. No other quick design attire brand has presented an ecological well disposed range right now in time so it was the ideal thought. Next point is ‘seizing is when HM supplanted the real hole in the market with the line. In conclusion ‘reconfiguring is essentially what H are continually doing with its update of the line. As new design comes all through season continually, H need to stay up with the latest. As should be obvious H has huge limit capacities which are required for an association to stay up with the latest with the prerequisites in the style showcase and with different contenders. In vital administration mentality utilizing BRIO† is imperative to increase upper hand. Regardless the item which has been acquainted by HM needs with be of significant worth to the clients so it can create higher income or lower expenses to the business. So in this example this item hadn’t been acquainted with the quick design oral so its estimation is very and energizing for the business. Along these lines HM with this item has made the most of its chances and dangers, comprehends its incentive to clients and thought about the expense. Next is the need of the item to have irregularity. On the off chance that an item is presented which is significant yet basic all through different contenders, at that point it’s improbable it

Jackie Robinson Analysis Essay Example For Students

Jackie Robinson Analysis Essay Jackie Robinson, Baseball, and the Struggle for EqualityBaseball has consistently been known as America’s interest. Be that as it may, America‘s interest, alongside America’s past, have both been immersed with the severe power of bigotry. For a long time, from the hour of subjection until the center of the twentieth century, African-American kids gathered together their companions and made a beeline for the baseball field. There, for a large number of youthful dark players, the smell of the grass, the dust storm that framed when running the ninety feet among bases, and the sentiment of securely sliding into homeplate for a run denoted the flash of fun and energy in an in any case bleak day. Be that as it may, because of the shade of their skin, dark youngsters were not granted these extravagances. For hopeful dark ballplayers, a baseball field with bats and real baseballs would be a fantasy worked out. Rather they had to play with rocks and sticks in a rear entryw ay or run-down sandlot. In any case, this could never stop them, the rush and delight of baseball was excessively extraordinary. When playing, it appeared as though the entirety of their concerns and fears coasted away and just a single thing matteredbaseball. Baseball was their break, their work, and the subject of every one of their deepest desires. For youthful dark ballplayers, baseball was considerably more than a game. The word yearning must likewise be explained. It couldn't be any more obvious, for dark players, one certain fact was consistently present. Regardless of how great you were, regardless of what number of grand slams or taken bases you had, how hard you hit the ball or how quick you tossed the ball, regardless of in the event that you had the capacity to play with the most elite, Ty Cobb, Babe Ruth, and Mickey Mantle, there was one thing you never hadthe right skin shading. The word trying didn't exist operating at a profit language. For more than 200 years dark i ndividuals had to manage this fact, reality that crushed the fantasies of a huge number of hopeful dark ballplayers, reality that left them with the terrible sentiment of mediocrity. This inclination was felt until April 15, 1947, until the man who might switch this ventured fixing to make something happen, denoting the first run through an African-American played in the major leagues.# Jackie Robinson was the man, and undoubtedly, Jackie Robinson is the man. The day has lived in history as the main day of the start of another fact. That, with difficult work and a heart the size of a watermelon, dark individuals could seek to be more. Jackie Robinson is answerable for reality of expectation, a fact more remarkable than some other. With this new expectation, Jackie Robinson and the African-American race denoted the start of the battle for a definitive blessed grailequality. Jack Roosevelt Robinson was conceived on January 31, 1919 in Cairo, Georgia. The grandson of a slave and child of a tenant farmer, â€Å"Jackie,† as he become known, battled from the earliest starting point. He was the most youthful of five kids in a poor family. After his dad deserted him at one years old, his mom had to maintain numerous sources of income just to help the family.# Jackie was frank from the earliest starting point. As a small kid went up against with the ordinary bigot insults from close by white kids, Jackie lashed back and consistently supported himself, here and there to the tune of beatings from the youngsters. Be that as it may, Jackie didn’t care. Indeed, even in spite of exhortation from his basic instructor, who said he was â€Å"destined to be a gardener,†# Jackie consistently battled the interminable number of strategies to keep him and his race substandard. Jackie accepted that God had plans for him, designs past the extent of the ordinary Negro of the occasions. As he developed more established, his battling soul kept on tailing him along. I n 1942, over 10 years before the acclaimed Rosa Parks battle, Jackie was stood up to with a comparable circumstance. Advised by an official to leave his seat on the white area of the transport and move to the back, the dark segment of the transport, Jackie can't. The scene before long heightened, however Jackie stood firm and would not move. The demonstration of disobedience brought about a court military for Robinson, who was confronting the conceivable result of â€Å"dishonorable discharge.† He battled in court and demonstrated the demonstration was an infringement against the separation code of the military, and won his entitlement to a â€Å"honorable discharge.â€Å"# This disposition of resistance was a solid piece of Jackie Robinson’s character, a section that one will see, never kicked the bucket. To substantiate himself to society and be the individual he generally needed to be, Jackie utilized his inherent ability, his astounding athletic capacity. At the point when it came to sports it didn't take long to understand that Jackie was amazingly skilled . In High School and in College, at the University of California-Los Angeles, Jackie exceeded expectations like no other, actually. He played baseball, b-ball, football, and track, and was the main player in UCLA history to letter in each of the four sports.# truth be told, it was said his best game was not even baseball, that he was a characteristic at b-ball and had â€Å"football shoulders.† It just so happened that the NFL and NBA were not as tolerating as baseball was in the mid-Twentieth Century. However, it was not generally like that. Because of isolation and the hidden nearness of prejudice in the public eye, dark ballplayers had to make their own groups. As ahead of schedule as 1920, Negro Baseball Leagues exhibited ability to any semblance of Satchel Paige, Roy Campanella, Josh Gibson, Marvin Williams, and Sam Jethroe.# Names unrecognizable to the normal baseball fan, a nyway it has been said that dark players like the ones referenced and a lot more were as acceptable, better, or even obviously superior to the white players in the Major Leagues. Shockingly, because of the shade of their skin, the Negro alliances were given for all intents and purposes zero presentation and a similar measure of regard. Negro Leagues were found likewise as the Negro themselvesinferior. In spite of the fact that the ability and nature of baseball in the Negro classes was amazingly high, the conditions played in were actually the inverse. Long rides in excessively manhandled transports with no warming or cooling, storage spaces were worn-out or nonexistent, and budgetary troubles emerged often because of such factors as leasing the arenas from white proprietors who charged over the top prices.# Baseball in the Negro associations was no lap of extravagance. However a huge number of players persevered through the maltreatment to keep on playing the game they cherished. T hey played despite the fact that they didn't get one ounce of regard from the American open. It was not till Jackie Robinson incorporated baseball in 1947 that dark players started to get the regard they merited. Jackie Robinson was not the only one in changing the lives of each African-American in the United States of America. In 1942, a man named Branch Rickey ventured into the Dodgers head office with an arrangement for baseball and an arrangement for America. He had explored many dark players and chosen everything looked good for the â€Å"Great Experiment,† as it become known.# The main inquiry was who might it be? Who might be the one that would change the manner in which our general public worked at that point and now? The player must be substantially more than an astounding competitor, fit for various accomplishments on the baseball field. The player must be one who had the quality and determination to withstand the consistent savagery that made certain to happen. In 1945, Branch and Jackie plunked down to talk about the marvelous accomplishment. To change history, Branch stated, â€Å"I’m searching for a ballplayer with guts enough not to battle back.† This man w as to be Jackie Robinson. In spite of the fact that Jackie had consistently had a battling soul and was not one to hush up about feelings, Jackie was the man who had the mental fortitude and quality not to. Im not worried about your enjoying or hating me,† Jackie stated, â€Å"All I ask is that you regard me as a human being.†# Jackie realized it would require some investment, yet be well justified, despite all the trouble at long last. In the event that baseball’s â€Å"Great Experiment† were to be a triumph, it would be the principal part of American culture to incorporate. After one year the second part of American culture coordinated, the United States government integrated the army.# Jackie Robinson knew the ramifications of what he was getting himself into, he realized he would be hassled, loudly and truly mishandled, and surprisingly more terrible. In any case, he likewise knew the impacts he would have on the upgrades of African-American uniformity in the public eye. Jackie was prepared and hanging tight for this extreme test. On October 30, 1945, Jackie was pulled up from the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro groups and formally turned into the main dark individual to sign a Major League contract.# However, at the outset, baseball’s â€Å"Great Experiment† was baseball’s â€Å"great secret.† A year prior to this a mystery survey was directed of Major class supervisors and proprietors on the topic of blacks in baseball, the outcomes were not positive. Fifteen of the sixteen surveyed reacted â€Å"No,† with the main â€Å"Yes† vote originating from Branch Rickey.# Branch felt the transition to incorporate baseball must be moderate and careful. Along these lines, on April 18, 1946, Jackie Robinson made his small time debut for the Montreal Royals, the International League offshoot of the Brooklyn Dodgers. With an amazing hitting show: a three run grand slam, a strong single, two hit sin gles, and speed that prompted 2 taken bases and two shies away home, the new kid on the block second baseman and the Montreal Royals beat the old neighborhood Giants 14 - 1.# The public’s shock of a Negro playing with white individuals were hushed by the extraordinary ability of Jackie Robinson. This is the main explanation coordination in sports was conceivable in any case. Game is not quite the same as numerous different parts of society since it is on a generally reasonable playing field. Whoever crosses the end goal first successes the race, this can not be contested. For Jackie, this was his solitary departure. It

Comparing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Looking at - Essay Example The standards in this way seemed prohibitive to the more established populace prompting fights. Opportunity that undergrads experienced, including associations outside grounds that fortified comradeship bonds, additionally inspired understudies into fights. School directors were likewise severe in executing rules, in disciplines, and this prompted dissents in response (Conlin 275). Furthermore, ethnic based concerns, particularly in the United States, for example, segregation, and governments’ self-assertive choices over understudies, for example, contribution in national administrations caused the fights (Kennedy and Null 1). The ten focuses were critical in characterizing the change that the dark network wanted in the United States and past. The focuses followed the war for equity that moved from social liberties to dark force that the Black Panther Party advocated. Accomplishing goal of the ten focuses would recognize an insurgency, a factor that additionally distinguishes noteworthiness of the interest. There would be a change to independence among blacks, destroyed joblessness, and cancelation of subjugation, access to instruction, and exclusion from military assistance. Other wanted changes were nullification of police mercilessness, opportunity for dark convicts, and jury piece of dark juries for dark cases. Accomplishment in acknowledgment of the focuses, regardless of whether not quick, additionally sets up the importance in light of the fact that the focuses offered an outline for change. Disciples of the Black Panther Party stage would set such expectations as a result of the persecutions that B lacks experienced in the American culture. Factors, for example, subjection, joblessness that implied destitution and low quality of wellbeing, and biased medications in different spots are instances of the encounters that would propel the disciples into the requests (Pinkney 103, 104). Hugeness of students’ power in the development and components into the fights were a portion of the significant topics in the article. The creator notes proceeded with extension

Does the SAT Curve Really Exist How the Scoring Actually Works

Weve all been there: the teacher announces that your super-difficult test was (drumroll, please†¦) graded on a curve! And so, when students start studying for the SAT, they often ask: Is the SAT curved? However, the SAT is never graded on a curve—and this is actually good news for test-takers! What Does It Mean to Grade on a Curve? First, lets clarify what we mean by grading on a curve. When teachers mark exams on a curve, this means that they take the scores everyone got and place them on a bell curve. Highest-scoring students receive an A, most students receive Bs, Cs, and Ds, and lowest-scoring students fail. An important part of being graded on a curve is that your grade depends a lot on how other test-takers performed. You could score 17 points out of 100 and get an A if nobody scored higher. On the other hand, you could score 97 points out of 100 and get an F if nobody scored lower. So lets clear this up right now: grading on a curve isnt necessarily good or bad. While it often benefits students taking really hard classes, it completely depends on the situation. How Is the SAT Graded? On test day, youll encounter several sections on the SAT: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (broken down into Reading and Writing sections), Math, and (if you signed up for it) the essay. When scoring your exam, the College Board counts each question you got right in each multiple-choice subject as one point. You dont lose points for wrong answers (though test-takers used to, this is no longer the policy). The maximum scores in each subject are 52 in Reading, 44 in Writing, and 58 in Math. Because the essay isnt multiple-choice, its graded differently. Then, these raw scores are converted into two scaled scores: one for Evidence-Based Reading and Writing and one for Math. These are the familiar 200-800 point scales within each section, combined to a total of 400-1600 points overall. Forget the SAT Curve—It’s All About Equating As you can see, the myth of the SAT curve is a misconception about the scoring process. However, there is a process known as SAT equating that can affect your score. SAT equating comes into play when the College Board translates the scores from a given test from raw to scaled. The College Boards goal is to have an average score of 500 in each section, for an overall composite score of 1000 (easy to remember, right?). However, because the average score depends on how test-takers performed, they need to adjust the raw-to-scaled calculation to accommodate this and ensure a standard deviation of 100 points per section. Image source: SAT Test Standard Deviation Isnt this the same thing as grading on a curve? It actually isnt, and the College Board has a pretty good explanation of why. The tl;dr version is that equating doesnt grade you based on other peoples performances—it only ensures that the relative difficulty of different tests is reflected in the scores. In other words, it adjusts the value of different questions according to how hard students found them and makes sure that an SAT score from one day means the same thing as an SAT score from another day. In other words, it wouldnt matter if everyone who took the SAT on the same day scored a 1500—they would all receive that 1500, and it would be equal to all the 1500s from other test days. Sure, students taking the test on different days may have had to answer more or fewer questions correctly to get that 1500. However, this doesnt affect fairness because those answering fewer questions to get their 1500 also had to answer harder questions! A Final Word As you prep for the SAT, its important to understand the tests scoring in order to target your strengths and your weaknesses. But at the end of the day, it doesnt really matter whether the SAT is curved or not (and again, its not!). All that matters is that you show up as prepared as possible and do the best that you can! And now you can do that knowing the test is graded fairly. Your score wont change depending on how well other test-takers do—only on how well you do!

Understanding 4 Different Types of Racism

Should Abortion Be Legal - 935 Words

Abortion has always been a touchy subject for people, and the United Sates cannot seem to agree on what we believe in and in some places what should be legal. Some people disagree with abortion because they believe that it is the same as killing a human being. Some people think that a woman should have the right to choose because it is her body. Everyone has their own opinion on abortion, but what is right? Since there is an upcoming election for the next president this topic is coming up in the news more and more. Abortion is an ongoing ethical issue that people agree and disagree on. Some people think that it should 100% legal, some people think that it should be illegal, and there are some people who think that is it circumstantial. There are studies done that show that religious women are usually more against abortion that non-religious women. Also studies show that different races tend to feel a certain way about abortion. Abortion is when a woman is pregnant with a child and de pending on that states laws and the length of the pregnancy the woman can chose to end the pregnancy. I chose an article from the New York Times that interested me on abortion. I think that I know what the average person knows about abortion, I have never studied on it, or read up on it very much. The article I chose is called â€Å"A Perilous Year for Abortion Rights†. The article talks about how 2015 has been no different than any other year when it comes to people attacking â€Å"woman’sShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. The other side of the argument, meaning people who are pro-choice, defend it by believing it to be a right been given to the women. Th ey also claim even if abortion was to be illegal, it would still be practiced. EveryRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal920 Words   |  4 Pagesworld has struggled with for ages and one thing that people are advocating around the world for is abortion. Abortion is either a procedure or pill that stops a fetus s heart. Abortion should not be legal because life beings at creation, abortions are a direct violation of the 14th amendment, and thousands of people would love to adopt a child: handicapped or otherwise. Abortion should not be legal because life begins at creation. What is creation? Some people say conception, but it actually isRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1320 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion, as you all may know, is a really popular topic. There have long been many debates between the two groups, pro-life and pro-choice. People who are pro-life believe that part of the government’s job is to protect all forms of human life. Those who are pro-choice believe that every individual should have control over their own reproductive systems. Pro-life supporters strongly believe that even an undeveloped fetus has lif e; it is still growing and it needs to be protected. And this soundsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words   |  5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day† (â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words   |  4 PagesLegal or Illegal? Which would you prefer? Not many are willing to discuss such a gut wrenching topic, but this needs to be addressed. It is a very controversial topic with having to do with women rights and activists. Since there are two sides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let womenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1217 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2015 Should Abortion be Legal Among all the issues that have been fought for or against in the United States, abortion may be one of the most popular issues that Americans are passionate about. Abortion is defined as the removal of the embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. Thousands of abortions take place every single day, and yet public opinion remains at a standstill as to whether or not abortion is ethical. Everyone holds different opinions on abortion. The proponentsRead MoreShould Abortions Be Legal?939 Words   |  4 PagesShould abortions be legal? Abortions have been a big issue since the Roe v Wade case. There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abor tion if there are other choices forRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number of

King of Kong free essay sample

He was the idol of the gaming world that had begun to exist when he achieved his high scores in many of the classic arcade games such as donkey kong. The directors clearly focused on Billy Mitchells self arrogance as he grew older and was engulfed into the persona of being the best gamer in the world. By the end of the documentary, it is clear that Billy Mitchell is now viewed by some as living in his own reality of the gaming world. The competitor in this film, Steve Wiebe, is portrayed as someone who has never quite been able to reach his goals. He has not been as lucky as Billy Mitchell and he assumes the underdog role. Throughout the film he is forever attempting to reach his goal of breaking the Donkey Kong record only to be shut down by unfair circumstances. Many quotes are taken from Steve and his wife about his reliance, and need of achieving the record for self justification. We will write a custom essay sample on King of Kong or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout the entire story, Steve is followed and shown the changes in his life do to this new gaming need. Steve does not achieve his goal when he wanted to but the interviewees choose to come back and show that he did eventually persevere and obtain his goal. They chose to show that Steve was not a quitter, and could achieve what he wanted to with dedication. Overall, this documentary shows man techniques of providing different sides and views of a story. They used family members, friends, and the persons own account to express the different experiences that had occurred.

Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil free essay sample

The main purpose of this experiment was to synthesize banana oil (isopentyl acetate. ) Ester are often prepared by the Fischer esterification method, which involves heating a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. Theory: Synthesize isopentyl acetate by combining isopentyl alcohol with acetic acid and sulfuric acid and then heating the reaction mixture under reflux for an hour. The alcohol is the limiting reactant, so it should be weighed/ the acids can be measured by volume. The esterification reaction is reversible, and it has an equilibrium constant of approximately 4. 2. A pure component can be obtained from a mixture by separating it from all other components of the mixture, using procedures that take advantage of differences in solubility, boiling points, acid-base properties, and other characteristics of the components. Because isopentyl acetate is a liquid, the separation and purification operations will differ from those used previously for solid products. We will write a custom essay sample on Preparation of Synthetic Banana Oil or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The water that forms during the reaction will be separated from the ester along with the wash liquids. Any traces of water that remain are then removed by a drying agent, either magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate. Because isopentyl alcohol has a lower boiling point than that of isopentyl acetate, and the by-products have higher boiling points, it should be possible- in principle- to remove the alcohol and by-products from the ester by distillation. Isopentyl alcohol should distill first, followed by the ester, and any by-products should remain behind in the pot-the vessel in which the reaction mixture is boiled. Reaction: Reaction: Acetic acid + isopentyl alcohol isopentyl acetate + water 17 mL150 mmol Weigh 150 mmol of isopentyl alcohol into a round bottom flask of appropriate size, and add boiling chips. Under a hood, add 17 mL of glacial acetic acid, and then carefully mix in 1. 0 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid while stirring. Connect a West condenser to the reaction flask, turn on the cooling water, start the stirrer, and heat the reaction mixture under reflux for one hour after boiling begins. Reflux apparatus When the reaction time is up, allow the reaction mixture to cool to about room temperature. Turn off the cooling water and remove the reflux condenser. Transfer the reaction mixture to a separatory funnel. Leaving the boiling chips behind, and washes the mixture with 50 mL of water. Drain the aqueous layer, and leave the organic layer in the separatory funnel. Then carefully wash the organic layer with two successive portion of 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate, draining the aqueous layer after each washing. During the first washing, stir the layers until gas evolution subsides before you stopper the separatory funnel, and vent it frequently thereafter. Dry the crude isopentyl acetate with anhydrous magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate, and filter I by gravity. Using standard-taper glassware, assemble an apparatus for standard scale simple distillation. Be sure the thermometer is straight up as shown in the picture below. Distill the crude product, collecting any liquid that distills between 137oC and 143oC. Record the actual boiling range. Wait until the entire thermometer bulb is moist with condensing vapors, liquid is distilling into the receiver, and the temperature is stable. The final weight obtained of the product is 4. 28 g because the reactant, both have one to one mole, and the percentage yield of the product is 32. 4%. Discussion/Conlusion: Isopentyl acetate was achieved through the method implemented in this experiment. With the use of isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid under the reaction method help to obtain the predicted product. One one this experiment could be developed is to specific precise amount of each compound need to be used in the reaction in order to obtain a better yield of the product. Procedure required circumspect handling while synthesizing, the sources of the errors that caused the discrepancy may have been from washing and drying the product. A few part of the organic layer might have been removed in the process of removing the aqueous layer, water and sodium bicarbonate. Too much anhydrous sodium sulfate might have been added because the procedure was not specific as to what quantity should be added. Exercise

Drugs Issue essays

Drugs Issue essays IS THE HOWARD GOVERNMENT DOING ENOUGH TO STOP THE DRUG PROBLEM IN AUSTRALIA? 1n 1999, 737 Australians died of a heroin overdose. This is double what it was in 1993. Prime Minister John Howard was elected in 1996, and only now, after 5 years has he finally acknowledged the drug problem in Australia. Recently the government has introduced a 27 million dollar anti-drugs strategy. This strategy, which will include education, crime prevention, law enforcement and rehabilitation, is already underway. A parental education booklet was sent to every household last week, explaining to parents the effects drugs have on teenagers and what to look out for. In this booklet John Howard has strongly stated that Parents guidance has strongest influence on children than anything else. By making statements such as these he is trying to put the blame on parents, not taking any responsibility on his behalf. He does not seem to realize the majority of children will listen to friends before their parents; all the morals in the world will not stop reckless teenagers. To follow up this booklet are a set of television commercials set up to shock viewers. Drug experts believe the ads will only shock the parents watching them. The ads feature teenagers resorting to crime and prostition to feed their habits, the ads also show death as a warning to teenagers of what can happen. The problem with these ads are they wont work. Why? Because anyone trying drugs for the first time will not be stealing from others or selling their bodies to pay for it. The ads are showing what can happen in very extreme cases. When teenagers use drugs for the first time they will not associate with these ads because they are simply experimenting and wanting to have fun, the last thing on their mind is, will I die like in those ads for smoking a bit of dope or drinking alcohol? It is true that most heroin users started using alcohol and ...

FTAA and its effects on latin america Research Proposal

FTAA and its effects on latin america - Research Proposal Example A growing world economy will also enhance our domestic prosperity. (Hakim )Free trade and increased economic integration are key factors for raising standards of living, improving the working conditions of people in the Americas and better protecting the environment." This paper seeks to discuss the negative effect that the FTAA would have on Latin American countries. Although the FTAA agreement was meant to be in force by the 1st January 2005 by the time senior American and Brazilian officials met in Switzerland to try to breathe fresh life into the deal the talks had been stalled for more than a year and the deadline had already been missed.The United States and Brazil are co-chairs of the FTAA negotiations but have had vastly different views of what the final agreement should look like. There has been very little consensus among the participating countries about either the timing or the scope of the FTAA. The United States, along with 12 other nations (those with which the United States either already has or is negotiating bilateral trade deals), is pushing for the completion of an "ambitious" and far-reaching accord on schedule for implementation by 2005. The countries of the Mercosur, the South American common market led by Brazil and Argentina, on the other hand, are advocating a "possible" FTAA, with drastically scaled-back goals. (FTAA)Venezuela and many Caribbean countries have also expressed misgivings about the timing of the negotiations and their scope. (Hakim) For the time being the final workable form of the FTAA remains to be thrashed out at the negotiating table. Will further the effects that NAFTA had on American jobs. Companies are lured progressively south in search of cheaper wages. Companies who have not moved abroad are closing plants because they cannot compete with cheaper imports. Governments

Denver Facility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Denver Facility - Essay Example In this case, the inventory management problem is a part of operations scheduling problem. The timing of activities has a direct impact on resources and on time loading. Denver does not take into account the fact that the majority of people have a productivity rate of probably 60-70 per cent of the time they allocate to an activity. Also, the department collected data on the number of trucks only paying no attention to the daily volume on Tuesdays and Friday. The consequences of these issues are work overload and poor service (Barnett 1996). Another problem is product shortage caused by inefficient production facilities and absence of advance notice and ordering system. Loading procedure of the polyols leads to "queues that impede other plant traffic" and absence of proper safety measures. For instance, excess capacity gives rise to low resource productivity, while inadequate capacity or means poor customer service. Decisions made in other areas have a direct impact the other area. Capacity decisions have a direct impact on system performance and on both resource utilization and customer service. It is important to note that organizations cannot operate without good capacity management.

Writing and Pepperoni Pizza Lovers Essay Example for Free

Writing and Pepperoni Pizza Lovers Essay

Public Schools: We Have the Right to Pray Essay -- Religion in Public

Public Schools: We Have the Right to Pray Prayer in public schools has been a controversial issue in our country for a very long time.   According to the First Amendment, the government shall not establish any official religion. Therefore, as long as the government doesn't make it mandatory for the students to pray, they should be allowed to at least have that choice. One minute set aside for a student to either have a moment of silence or to have their own prayer isn't hurting anyone, as long as students are not forced to pray. By taking away that right, it is violating their rights as American citizens and their right to have freedom of religion. In 1962, The Supreme Court ruled that school prayer violates the constitution. Many believe a new amendment needs to allow voluntary school prayer. For example, the Christian Coalition was sponsoring a bill called The House Joint Resolution 78 or The Religious Freedom Amendment. This bill will not allow the government to establish a religion, but it does give people the right to pray and recognize their own religious beliefs and traditions on public property, which does include schools. William J. Murry, the head of the Religious Freedom Coalition, held a family rally for those in favor of this bill. A petition was signed of almost one million signatures on it. The bill ended up making it to the House of Representatives. While it gained the majority of the votes, it failed to gain the 2/3 vote to amend the Constitution. They are still working on "restoring voluntary school prayer and having a safeguard for religious freedoms." Colby May, the director of government affairs for the American Center for Law and Justice, says that a change needs to be made. Those who oppose him arg... ...rayer need to be reintroduced   in the school system. Perhaps this is a way to get kids back on track since the current downfall of good behavior in schools. Our country believes in the "freedom of religion" but by taking away the right to pray, it takes away from that "freedom" many so desperately need. Works Cited "House Panel Approves Constitutional Amendment Allowing School Prayer." Your School and the Law 14 Nov. 1997. "School Prayer Bill Attracts Support." Your School and the Law 11 April. 2007. "School Prayer After Santa Fe?; Public Schools Caught Between Students, Parents and Court." Texas Lawyer 7 Aug. 2004:   Pg 25. "Key Cases on School Prayer" Managing School Business 23 April 2006. Office of Congressman Istook, U.S. House of Representatives. "The Religious Freedom Amendment." 10 Nov. 2001.   Ã‚  

Ethics and Financial Services Essay

Question A1 Outline the frauds identified in the case and explain the inconsistencies with proper accounting treatment. Relate your answer to broad accounting concepts and accounting standards where relevant. (8 marks; approximately 800 words) Answer: Livent Inc. is a theatre production corporation registered in Toronto, Canada. Therefore, all the accounting behaviours were subject to the General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) of Canada. In a broad sense, the GAAP imposes four main constraints on the accounting behaviours of companies – objectivity, materiality, consistency and conservatism. In the case of Livent Inc., there are several behaviours that was inconsistent with the proper accounting regulations in general. Large kickback scheme At the very beginning of the entire fraud by Livent, the two executives, Drabinsky and Gottlieb, fabricated transactions that did not exist at all, in order to transfer the revenue of the company secretly to their own pockets. They made the fake transaction on their balance sheet by colluding with their vendors. Drabinsky and Gottlieb received the money from vendors and asked them to fabricate evidences of charging fees. Manipulation of accounting records The kickback scheme sacrificed the net profit of the company, and as a result, Drabinsky and Gottlieb started manipulating the records. There were evidence from later investigation that Livent was exaggerating its revenue from the box office to show that it kept good income statement with good  profit. Also, they asked the accountants at Livent to modify the financial statements to hide the potential financial problems Livent had and to exhibit good operating performance to attract more investment. Drabinsky even used special software to manipulate the financial statements to make them as if they were the original record and hard to be detected. Keeping the fraud as secret to auditors With the help of the special software, Livent Inc. was able to keep two records of their financial performances, the phony one and the real one. And the outside auditors did auditing of Livent based on the phony financial records Livent provided. Therefore, the Deloitte, Livent’s outside auditing company, could hardly see signs of fraud during annual auditing. Significantly, the fraud of Livent Inc. broke the accounting principle of objectivity, which is also the primary standards companies should stick to. The objectivity principle basically requires that all kinds of financial statements the companies offer should be based on the facts. That is to say, every transaction and item recorded in the financial statements should be supported by unbiased and objective information. Under no circumstances are the managers, shareholders and accountants allowed to fabricate or distort any accounting reports and materials of the company. However, what Drabinsky and Gottlieb did at Livent went against the accounting standards. The fact that the two partners urged the internal accountants to modify the seasonal expenses and liability is definitely away from the proper professional behaviours. Livent benefited from manipulating its performance with additional investment and bank loans, which boosted aggressive expanding plans of Livent. It is even intolerable that the company invented the special software, which allowed unlimited arbitrary modification of all the accounting records of the company. This made the fraud much easier and less likely to be discovered because it enabled the manipulation looked as if they were the original data. Elrod and Gorhum (2010) made quantitative research on the way of detecting fraud by examine the extent to which the cash flow from operation and the earnings from continuing operations are correlated. Livent Inc. forced the accounting staff in the company to comply with the fraud behaviour without any doubt. The executives showed a â€Å"matter-of-fact† attitude toward the fraud. The accountants, independent auditors were not working independently and objectively as required by GAAP. On the contrary, they have been coerced or instructed to make fake accounting records, and did not show cooperation with the independent outside auditors. GAAP intends to ensure auditor independence. But Messina used her previous influence at Deloitte to disturb the independency of Deloitte auditors in examining the financial performance of Livent. The objectivity principle additionally restricts unreliable reports, materials and sheets offered to the auditors for annual auditing. Under the current accounting principles and standards in Canada and the United State, the auditors are responsible only for ensuring the preparation of all the accounting documents of the company align with the GAAP. But the outside auditors do not have access to the detailed daily record of the company. Therefore, the annual auditing is unable to prevent managerial collusion if the company provides counterfeit accounting materials. Livent was giving the fake balance sheet, income statement and other reports to Deloitte, which is not allowed by the accounting standards to a broad extent. Some companies correct their cheating behaviour when the situation improves, which makes it even harder to be detected. Nonetheless, such behaviours done by Livent are inconsistent with the standard professional ethics and regulations. Moreover, the aggressive developing strategy Livent had taken also violated the conservatism principle that the GAAP requires. This principle asks the accountants to exclude the uncertain income or revenue, while include the possible losses and risks in the financial statement. The conservative accounting behaviors are necessary because they can effectively prevent the shareholders and investors from potential losses. But in this case, Drabinsky is in such a haste to pursue aggressive development of the company, and obviously was exaggerating its revenue as well as concealing its losses. Question A2 Describe the corporate ethical culture at Livent Inc. How did this culture affect employee behaviour? Explain and justify your answer. (12 marks; approximately 1,200 words) Answer: Several researches supported the argument that the corporate ethical culture had large influences on the behaviours of the employees and their ethical judgements. The company does not have to have a specific code of ethics for the employees to constraint their ethical behaviours. The corporate environment in itself is enough for influencing the ethical behaviours inside the company. Nwachukwu and Vitell (1997)’s research found that the ethical culture in corporate has certain impact on the moral conviction of the employees upon what is right and wrong. Fraudulent behaviour was a very significant issue in the development of companies. It was because that it had tremendous impacts on the corporate, the employees as well as the public. Also, the difficulties in preventing such behaviours were to define, prevent and detect it. Schwartz (2013) made research and emphasized the three key factors in maintain an ethical corporate culture in the company. They are the set of ethical beliefs or values throughout the company, establishing â€Å"formal ethics program† and the ethical leadership throughout the development of the company. However, in the case of Livent’s fraud, all the three factors were lack in the system of the company. They had no clear ethical values, as the self-regulation mechanism, set and administrated inside the company to constraint the behaviours of not only the employees, but the senior executives as well. The unethical culture set by the top executives had not only influenced, but also forced all the staff, especially the accountants, to cooperate and to help conceal the fraud from being detected by the outsiders. This caused the company running under a set of very unethical corporate culture. It seemed to be routine to manipulate the financial records in Livent Inc. for quite a long time. As early as the year of 1990, Drabinsky, together with his best partner Gottlieb, began the kickback scheme to illegally create fake transactions to transfer money from the company to their own pockets. Then later Dranbinsky and Gottlieb had to tell even bigger lies and got more people involved in in order to make up for the expense losses from the kickback plan. The company lacked ethical leadership from the very beginning. To make the financial performance of Livent look promising,  Drabinsky and Gottlieb meddled in the daily accounting records as well as the preparation of the annual financial statements that were handed in and were examined by the auditing company, Deloitte. The executives and the senior level staff were not establishing positive example inside the company so as to maintain a positive ethical corporate culture. What’s even worse, they acted as the leading role in such fraudulent behaviours and arbitrarily got the other employees into the serious fraud scheme. Drabinsky and Gottlieb shouted at and coerced the staff and even the senior level managers to fulfil their ambition. They developed a specific computer software inside the company’s accounting system, so that they were able to take control of the financial status of the company. They could adjust any amount and transaction records in the system to make the quarterly, semi-annually and annually report of financial performance of Livent look promising to invest in. Even worse, by applying the software, Livent was able to cheat on the accounting records as if they were the raw figures, and avoid being discovered. It had also facilitated the fraudulent behaviours and motivated the employees and the executives to fraud continuously. Another serious issue inside Livent, besides the manipulation of the accounting records and financial statements, is the overwhelming attitude of viewing fraud as a matter of fact among executives as well as the employees. Even if some of the accounting staff including Messina and Webster questioned the unethical behaviours they got involved in, they were influenced by the overall environment and paid no attention to the fraudulent behaviours in Livent. They took for granted that what they did was to follow the instructions of the executives so as not to get fired. The employees would see Drabinsky shouting and bullying the accountants and even the senior level staff in the company if they had any different opinions against him. This was in fact establishing bad example for the employees and was to warn the other staff to just accept the deviant behaviours as a matter of fact. For a long time, employees were aware of the fraud happening, but were unwilling to avoid it. Llopis et al. (2007) argued that â€Å"effective communication is essential for the ethical message to be properly assimilated†. However, in Livent, the top two executives, Drabinsky and Gottlieb, were much too autocratic in the way of managing the company. There  were barely any information about the ethical culture passed to the employees, and the staff had little freedom to do their job but to listen to Drabinsky’s instructions. Last but not least, Livent Inc. lacked proper self-regulation mechanism to prevent the non-ethical behaviours. More often than not, self-regulation are considered as the last prevention of bad corporate ethical culture. Schwartz (2013) pointed out that the set of ethical value of the company was critical for making ethical decisions. Real self-regulation should not be independent of the public interest. Instead, the behaviours under self-regulation should be compatible with the social values and principles. In addition, as the ethical value of the company should not be arbitrarily decided by the executives or a few people in the company; instead the set of ethical value should gain the consent of the majority of the employees (Llopis et al. 2007). Yet, what the set of value acquiesced by the employees in Livent went against the public’s interest, and thus led to the unethical corporate culture overall. Formally, inside Livent, they did not have complete ethical programs including regulations on the professional operation of each position to prevent fraud. The ethical value of the company should be clearly stated in the policies and regulations, or even set incentive mechanism to encourage the employees to follow and to form good habits. In conclusion, there were three factors causing the unethical corporate culture inside Livent. The first is the long-standing fraudulent behaviours from the top executives, which were then passed down to the employees of lower levels arbitrarily. Second element of the unethical culture was the attitude of taking committing fraud as a matter of fact, and thus no one in the company were willing to discourage it. Finally, the lack of internal ethical corporate regulations or values established throughout the company accelerated the forming of unethical corporate culture. Working under such environment, the employees got involved in the fraudulent behaviours willingly or unwillingly forced by their boss. Moreover, their original ethical judgement became vague as they got used to the prevalent fraudulent working culture after a long time. They loss the sense of justice to judge the right and the wrong things. They might even rationalize what they had  done to be just and necessary. PART B Question B1 Why do you think Maria Messina become complicit in the fraud(s)? Explain your answer using the fraud triangle. (15 marks; approximately 1,500 words) Answer: The fraud originally started with the large kickback scheme by Drabinsky and Gottlieb, and finally Maria Messina, as the chief financial officer of Livent, got involved and helped in the huge fraud. Messina’s motivation to become complicit in the fraud can be explained by the theory of fraud triangle, which reveals much of the psychology of committing a fraud. The three key factors in the fraud triangle, considered as prerequisites of fraudulent behaviours, are the pressure, the opportunity and the rationalisation of doing it. Pressure The pressure of committing the fraud, according to the theory of fraud triangle, is more often than not â€Å"non-shareable† (Dellaportas 2013). The type of pressure may be related to financial issues, or may come from the job and working atmosphere. Dellaportas (2013) pointed out that the evil ideas can also be the source of pressure that causes fraud. People in Livent who joined in the fraud had different reasons of incentive to do illegal things as they had different kind of pressure. For example, for the two executives, Drabinsky and Gottlieb, they shared financial pressure. At first, their greed for money stimulated them to design the large kickback plan to secretly transfer money from the company to their own pockets. And later, just as Brenna and McGrath (2007) described in the paper, the executives had the motivation to fraud to keep the company at good performance so that they could gain high bonus as well as keep continuous outside investment for the company. But the motivation and pressure for Messina was a little different. Although as CFO of Livent, her bonus was linked with the performance of the company, the evidences in the  case and in the trial were insufficient to decide whether her fraudulent behaviour was directly motivated by financial pressure. However, it is clear that she was forced to involve in the fraud, like many other accountants at Livent, because of the coercion of Drabinsky and Gottlieb. Messina testified that the executives including Drabinsky would shout at the accountants and force them to cooperate in work. She worked under the pressure of the executives in the company. Messina would be at the risk of losing her job if she did not follow the instruction of Drabinsky. The financial situation was negative long before Messina joined Livent, meaning the fraud had already started before Messina was able to stop it. Taking over the responsibility of managing the financial performance of the company, she was faced with the situation out of her control. The environment of fraud and routine to manipulate the financial records had long been formed. The frequent use of software that enabled Drabinsky to easily manipulate the financial records and financial statements as much as he wanted was a common behaviour in Livent, acquiesced by everyone in the company. Under the threat of Drabinsky, Messina thus had no choice but to try her best to manage the fraud from being detected, making herself really exhausted by the daily work. The pressure Messina faced as the chief financial officer was unable to share with other colleagues and she was forced by the financial pressures to involve in the fraud. She could feel the threats from Drabinsky and the already very troublesome financial situation. And she could perceive that her subordinates and other staff in Livent were suffering the bully and coercion from their executives as well. Opportunity The factor of opportunity in the fraud triangle refers to the ability to commit the fraud and in the situations like the one in the case, such opportunity mainly results from having specific professional skills or knowledge. That is to say, the person was able to manipulate skilfully and knew how to avoid being discovered by his supervisors or regulations. In addition, the trust that the person is able to accomplish the job in accord  with laws also contributes to the opportunity. The trust existing in the relationship between the supervisor and the employees may contribute to getting authorized without careful screening. The trust caused the space of opportunity to fraud expanded. In case of Livent, Messina was an experienced accountants as well as a Chartered Accountant, who had been promoted to partner of the Deloitte &Touch, LLP in Canada. Her previous experience in the industry enabled her to have a good knowledge both in accounting and auditing. That is to say, Messina potentially knew how to manipulate the accounting records daily and prepare the fraudulent financial statement annually. Also, she understood the normal practice of outside professional auditors, who were responsible for examining the financial performance of the company and avoiding inconsistency with the GAAP. Thus, Messina could give professional advice to Drabinsky and Gottlieb so that their manipulation of the accounting records would not be detected in the annual auditing. Besides her professional knowledge and skills in assisting in the fraud in accounting, the opportunity for Messina to get involved also includes the trust on her and her influence in her previous company. Messina had worked at Deloitte Canada for quite a long time and had been promoted to position as partner before she left the company and became CFO of Livent Inc. She had therefore built broad relationship within Deloitte, who was the outside auditing firm for Livent at that time. As Dellaportas (2013) pointed out in the research, insufficient internal regulation and supervision upon such fraudulent behaviours prompted the fraud to continue without being detected by others. However, in the specific case of Livent, there was no self-regulation mechanism at all, since the entire company, from the executives to the employees of the lowest-level, got involved in the fraud. Thus, it was hopeless to discover and discourage such deviant behaviours by the people inside the company. This caused the fraud of Livent to continue to expand and to be very serious. Rationalisation The rationalisation is not rational, instead it is an excuse for the person  who commits the fraud to justify the behaviour to himself. Coleman (1987) discussed this factor of fraud within the context of white collar crimes, and he argued that rationalisation is not an â€Å"after-the-fact† excuse. In fact, people who commit the crime do not realize that their behaviours are deviant. A large number of white collar crime criminals argued that they considered the laws to be unjust or unreasonable, causing them to break the rules (Coleman 1987). The factor of rationalisation is more risky than the other two factors because the people who have violated the laws believed that they had the right reason to do so. He also mentioned other common argument of the fraudulent behaviours. They claimed that such behaviours were the only way for them to achieve the goal or to â€Å"survive† (Coleman 1987). Based on the research results from Dellaportas (2013), he identified the three most common way of denial that people think to justify their fraudulent behaviours. People would rationalize their behaviour as they deny the â€Å"responsibility, injury and victim†. First, the offenders will shirk responsibility and say someone else are supposed to be in charge of the fraud. Secondly, they justify what they have done by arguing that there is no victim in this situation. Finally, if there is victims, the offenders may consider that the victims deserve the sufferings. Thus, they are free from taking responsible or even committing their fraud is illegal. Definitely, there were rationalisation inside Messina that made her behaviour â€Å"just† according to her own value. After quitting the partner position at Deloitte, Messina believed it to be right or rational for her to help Drabinsky in the fraud. Or otherwise, she would lose her job and would be unable to survive. And the overall atmosphere inside the Livent, considering what they were doing as â€Å"matter of fact†, alleviated the employee’s sense of responsibility for the fraud. Messina could hardly feel guilty and never considered about the consequences of helping the company’s fraud. She might rationalize her efforts in the fraud as under the instruction of Drabinsky, instead of out of her own willingness. The above analysis clearly dissected the reasons why Messina became complicit in the fraud from the perspective of psychology. However, as Dellaportas (2013) discussed, the influence of each factor in the fraud triangle varied  from case to case, and was not often equally impacting the fraud behaviours. Recent researches intend to improve the fraud triangle by considering additional factors into the model to better understand the behaviour of fraud in current times. What Messina had done assisted the fraud in Livent to continue for quite a long time after she joined Livent. Messina became the complicit in the serious fraud due to the pressure she was facing, mainly financially, the opportunity she was able to take advantage of and the rationalisation she found for herself to justify her deviant behaviours. Dellaportas (2013) discovered, through case study from ten accountants’ committing fraud, that the opportunity of committing fraud was a much more important factor in dete cting fraud and to take control of it. The motivation and rationalisation contributed less in this kind of accounting fraud cases. Question B2 Comment on the adequacy of the disciplinary action taken against Messina. (5 marks; approximately 500 words) Answer: Finally, Messina was fined for $7,500 and was suspended from doing accounting practice for two years. It is adequate but not enough punishment for Messina’s violation to the accounting standards according to the facts already known. After joining Livent, what Messina did in the Livent’s case of fraud went against the code of professional ethics, which discourages cheating and manipulations. Also, her behaviours broke the securities law in the United States, where the trial of Livent was held. Her involving in the fraud conflicted the interest of the public, especially the investors, who were unable to judge the real performance of Livent from their financial reports. Messina abused her authority in Livent and her influence on Deloitte, for the interest of her own and the executives at Livent. At the very beginning of joining Livent, Messina faced coercion and threats from Drabinsky to keep decent records by manipulation. However, she did not take positive action to resolving the conflict of interest between Drabinsky and herself. Proper ways when one faces conflict of interest is to  quit the job or decline to do the fraud. Messina could have turned to a confidential counselling firm for advice so that she did not have to get involved further in the fraud. On the one hand, it is enough punishment for her involvement in the fraud. She helped the accounting department at Livent to conceal the manipulation of financial statements. Also, as former partner at Deloitte, she abused her influence on the outside independent auditors to comb the financial reports of Livent before they filed to ensure the fraud undetected. What she did violated the standard professional codes for accountants and auditors, and thus she should be subject to penalty. According to the documents from Securities and Exchange Commission (1999), Messina was involved in discussion and approval of every manipulated records. She helped to hide these materials from the auditors so as not to be discovered the inflation in the company’s revenue. On the other hand, the SEC is conservative in judgement because of lack of evidence in proving Messina’s role in the fraud. First, it requires further investigation of the case to identify what she really did and her attitude in the fraud supported with evidence. Moreover, Messina, according to the case material, did show adversarial attitude toward Drabinsky’s fraud plan at first. It means that she still sticked to professional discipline in the beginning, though she yielded to Drabinsky’s bullying later. Also, Messina showed humble attitude in investigation and trial, and cooperated with the commission to investigate the case. It is adequate that the judges punished Messina both financially and professionally. She not only has to give back the illegal money she gained from the fraud, but also should be prevented from doing the practice until she can finally reflect on her mistakes before returning to the business as chief financial officer. However, the amount of fine is too little for Messina to realize her improper behaviours, considering the massive consequences of the fraud and the amount of money they benefited from manipulation. But the judgement should after all based on the evidences and regulations. The judge should take the good and bad things Messina had done  throughout the fraud into account to decide. Also, the punishment against Messina requires further investigation of her role in the fraud, which is disputable. References Coleman, J W 1987, ‘Toward an integrated theory of white-collar crime’, American Journal of Sociology, vol 93, no. 2, pp. 406-439. Dellaportas, S 2013, ‘Conversations with inmate accountants: Motivation, opportunity and the fraud triangle’, Accounting Forum, vol. 37, pp. 29-39. Elrod, H & Gorhum, M J, ‘Fraudulent financial reporting and cash flows’, Journal of Finance and Accountancy, vol. 11, pp. 56-61. Llopis, J, Gonzalez, M R & Gasco, J L 2007, ‘Corporate governance and organisational culture: The role of ethics officers’, International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 96–105 Nwachukwu, S LS & Vitell, S J 1997, ‘The influence of corporate culture on managerial ethical judgments’, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 757-776. Schwartz, M S 2013, ‘Developing and sustaining an ethical corporate culture: The core elements’, Business Horizons, vol. 56, pp. 39-50. Securities and Exchange Commission, 1999, Securities and Exchange Commission versus Garth H. Drabinsky, Myron I. Gottlieb, Robert Topol, Gordon C. Eckstein, Maria M. Messina, Diane J. Winkefein, D. Grant Malcolm and Tony Fiorino, 99 CIV.0239, Litigation Release No. 16022, retrieved 15 Aug 2013, .

Post Merger Analysis - Assignment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1700 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Post Merger Analysis Answer 1 The health care industry future is governed by numerous doubts as it is feeling the temperature of both economic and regulatory fronts. The industry of health care is one of the regulated industries in the USA and organizations are needed to conform to a numeral of state and federal laws and regulations. These regulations In turn, have increased costs of health care to untenable levels (Horner and Basu, 2012). The health care industry from an economic standpoint has been facing profound cuts with a decrease in revenue of per-patient that pretense an enormous risk to the industry. There has been also rise in the pressures of regulatory in expressions of pricing and developments fronts. The huge players in the market habitually have superior admittance to additional resources that let them to battle the unconstructive forces to a definite extent. On the other hand, minor health care entities might locate it hard to battle in oppos ition to these situations and consequently consolidation in the industry is perceived as one of the means for endurance. Several providers of health care service are taking on acquisitions and mergers consecutively to advance patient care, operational effectiveness, and lesser their costs. Several of the motives at the back consolidation in the industry are: 1) drawing on a partnerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s exclusive managerial or clinical strengths, 2) seeking out economies of scale, 3) advanced access to capita 4) gaining strength of geographic to improved serve community and patient needs, l and 5) enhanced influence in payer negotiations. There are several financial drivers to glance for in a merger. Several are direct and several are indirect as conferred below: 1. Increase in expenses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" An innovative technology is initiated every day in the health care field. New diseases direct to fresh areas of expertise. Technology of State of the art and a modernized pool o f expertise/ knowledge are needed for organizations of health care to endure among stiff competition. It raises expenses with no major raise in income. A merger will aid in pooling technology and expertise to decrease costs. Mergers assist in taking the benefit of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Economies of Scale.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  2.. Higher Patient Volumes at lesser Rates of Reimbursement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Insurance premium rates with the preface of the ACA (Affordable Care Act),will be reduced to a large extent. Even though this law will aid in building health insurance reasonably priced to uninsured Americans, it will take a big bite out of the health care industry revenue. Minor organizations will not be capable to endure in such a circumstance. A merger will aid in doubling-up the level (as base of customer will increase), thus recompensing for the decline in for each patient revenue. 3. Capital infusion A huge sum of capital is needed to advance the health care infrastructure in budding nations. Players of Healthcare in these nations are consequently additional expected to employ in joint ventures or MA activity with additional players and/or search for capital injections from firms of private equity (MA International Inc, 2012). It is easier to hoist additional capital when an organization of health care is big. Consequently, this can be a main driver of financial for countrywide and/or worldwide acquisitions and mergers. 4. Minimize ongoing losses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Several organizations of health care are beneath incredible pressure of losses. Merging into an additional profit making company will aid in minimize losses to a great extent. 5. Borrowing costs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" One of the techniques of capital raising is by means of issue of bonds. Research has revealed that bigger health care organizations profit from additional constructive bond ratings and lesser borrowing costs. (Dixon Hughes Goodman, 2013). This as well helps in sinking the on the whole cost of capital. 6. Increase in value of business North America In 2013, saw the maximum level of health care acquisition and merger activity followed by Asia and Europe. At the country level, the U.S. witnessed the most deal making followed by the UK and Germany. There were 544 deals totaling to a sum deal worth of $15.2 billion dollars . (MA International Inc, 2012). Mergers generate value. It is for all time believed that the worth of the merged institution is for all time superior than the total of the two individual institutions. This is further generally identified as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“synergy effect.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  7. Accounts Receivable and Inventory balance. These balances designate the quantum of capital locked in distribution. The lesser these balances are the enhanced they are for the organization. They specify the capability to exchange into cash rapidly as well identified as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“liquidityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Answer 2 The subsequent are several cr iteria to assess organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial performance, post merger: * Economies of scale à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" How a great deal has the company decreased its costs post merger? How has the corporation merged the widespread activities and furnished to a superior set of patients, thus taking benefit of economies of scale? * Working capital Reduction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" have accounts receivable, inventory, and other current assets been decreased to an optimal level? * Increase in revenue à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the mainly apparent assessment criteria is whether there is a major enlarge in revenue based on raise in volume. * Increase in merged organization valueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" is the merged organization value additional than what it was beforehand? Preferably in the post merger situation, 1+1 is supposed to be superior than 2. The additional value is due to synergy in operation! * cost of capital Reductionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" has the merged cost of capital decrea sed to an satisfactory level? Answer 3 Integration is extremely significant for a merger to be successful,. A merger is not anything however two diverse organizations merging into a new organization. It is the synthesis of two exclusive cultures, mindsets and horizons. Thus, changes in the structural, cultural and equipped dimensions are expected. * Cultural Differences: * Work ethics might as well diverge from one culture to another * Customs and practices are diverse in a variety of cultures * Operational Differences: * Reporting to new bosses * Changing the style of working to go with the requirements of the new seniors * Structural Differences: * Adopting new procedures * Adapting to the changed methods and policies * Changing from a environment labor-driven to a environment of technology-driven An organization has to surmount these divergences consecutively to construct an even transition throughout the process of the merger. The over diff erences have a direct relation to financial planning in the phase of post merger. A number of the examples of the outcome on process of financial planning are as below: * Changing from a labor-driven to environment of technology-driven calls for add to in the expenditure of capital. * There would be a vibrant transformation in the human resources. Turnover of Employee would be at its climax throughout the post merger phase. * Newer specialists /doctors would have to be employed. Consequently, all these issues have to be deemed while performing the process of financial planning in the post-merger phase. To have a thriving process of financial planning in position post-merger, there must be a integration of finance team which will participate a key function (Kurkurudza, 2012). The team activities will be as follows: * Define the construction of the sub-teams and their responsibilities * Appraise whether synergies as established at the due diligence time have been achieved * Re-evaluating resolutions if targeted synergies are not being attained * Suggesting changes to be made to the operating model to achieve the targeted savings after merger * Collaborating with the a variety of functions crosswise the entity like the IT, HR, Legal departments, etc. to make possible changes in the operating model Answer 4 A backbone of organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s is its financial process, which has a considerable influence on the organizational process as a whole. That effort for a given finance process will diverge very much by process of maturity and the industry. The varying processes during a merger, and philosophy from one organization require to be matched to the expertise level of the other. In addition, a financial process that is administered on an accessible platform will be a lesser expensive than implementing rather new. Every fresh initiative and/or fresh idea engrosses money. A good process of financial planning is n eeded to be in position for the subsequent reasons: * Finance is the mind and spirit of an organization * Employee turnover and retention is based on the compensation paid to them. It outlays a lot to employ professionals and to construct a first-class high quality knowledge base. * To continue with the technology of state of the art, finance is needed. * Conversely, the finance sources are limited * An efficient control and budgeting process should be in place Answer 5 Currently with an execution of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and its clearingreformsinfluencing business models, It is expected that 2015 to be a banner year for activity of acquisition and merger crosswise the health care industry. This momentum for health care providers will be floated by economic force to accept lesser reimbursement rates and as this pressure rises, margin density on single-site or incompetent operators will power partnering or divestiture strategies. Steady with the preceding few years, continuous rushing of deals concerning financially struggling providers seeking lifeline from advanced, healthier systems is expected to continue. As well to provider-to-provider deals, 2015 might perceive the drift of providers partnering or merging with payers carry on. The beginning of new legislation has paved the means not only for mergers but also for better patient care. The truth is that providers of healthcare are stirring to an approach of consumer-oriented for care. The model of consumer-oriented à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  expedient access à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  is actually a model of retail in terms of services placement (Roney, 2012). Research and Sources as provided over point out a potentially good financial performance by the industry of health care in the future provided health care organizations construct strategic mergers and efficient operational changes. References What hospital executives should be considering in hospital mergers and acquisitions. Dixo n Hughes Goodman (2013). 3 reasons why hospital mergers are advantageous. Ellis, J. and Razavi, A. (2012, February 8). Healthcare Finance News. Analytics and the future of healthcare. Horner, P and Basu, A. (2012, January 25). Analytics, January/February 2012. Putting the right people in place: Integrating finance after a merger. Kurkurudza, O. (2012, September 11). Hospitals and clinics MA outlook: Whatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the prognosis for deal making? MA International Inc. (2012). 3 Predictions for the future of U.S. healthcare: Retail models, population health service line acquisitions. Roney, K. (2012, April 13). Becknerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Hospital Review. 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